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第1题
The translator must have an excellent, up-to-date knowledge of his source languages,full facility in the handling of his target language, which will be his mother tongue orlanguage of habitual 【B1】______ , and a knowledge and understanding of the latest subject-matter in his field of specialization. This is, as it were, his professional equipment. 【B2】______ this, it is desirable that he stould have an inquiring mind, wide interests, a good memory and the ability to grasp quickly the basic principles of new developments. He should be willing to work 【B3】______ his own, often at high speeds, but should be humble enough to consult others 【B4】______ his own knowledge not always prove adequate to the task in hand. He should be able to type fairly quickly and accurately and, if he is working mainly for publication, should have more than a nodding 【B5】______ with printing techniques and proof-reading. If he is working basically as an information translator, let us say, for an industrial firm, he should have the flexibility of mind to enable him to 【B6】______ rapidly from one source language to another, as well as from one subject-matter to another, since this ability is frequently 【B7】______ of him in such work. Bearing in mind the nature of the translator's work, i.e. the processing of the written word, it is, strictly speaking, 【B8】______ that he should be able to speak the languages he is dealing with. If he does speak them, it is an advantage 【B9】______ a hindrance, but this skill is in many ways a luxury that he can 【B10】______ with. It is, 【B11】______ ,desirable that he should have an approximate idea about the pronunciation of his source languages even if this is restricted to 【B12】______ how proper names and place names are pronounced. The same 【B13】______ to an ability to write his source languages. If he can, well and good; if he cannot, it does not 【B14】______ . There are many other skills and 【B15】______ that are desirable in a translator.
【B1】
A．application
B．use
C．utility
D．usage
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第2题
The proposal of a single six-year term for the President of the United States has been around for a long time. High-minded people have urged it from the beginning of the Republic. The Constitutional Convention turned it down in 1787, and recurrent efforts to put it in the Constitution have regularly failed in the two centuries since. Quite right: it is a terrible idea for a number of reasons among them that it is at war with the philosophy of democracy.
The basic argument for the one-term, six-year presidency is that the quest for reelection is at the heart of our problems with self-government. The desire for reelection, it is claimed, drives Presidents to do things they would not otherwise do. It leads them to make easy promises and to postpone hard decisions. A single six-year term would liberate presidents from the pressures and temptations of politics. Instead of worrying about reelection, they would be free to do only what was best for the country.
The argument is superficially attractive. But when you think about it, it is profoundly antidemocratic in its implications. It assumes Presidents know better than anyone else what is best for the country and that the people are so wrongheaded and ignorant that Presidents should be encouraged to disregard their wishes. It assumes that the less responsive a President is to popular desires and needs, the better President he or she will be. It assumes that the democratic process is the obstacle to wise decisions.
The theory of American democracy is quite the opposite. It is that the give-and-take of the democratic process is the best source of wise decisions. It is that the President's duty is not to ignore and override popular concerns but to acknowledge and heed them. It is "that the President's accountability to the popular will is the best guarantee that he or she will do a good job.
The one-term limitation, as Gouverneur Morris, final draftsman of the Constitution, persuaded the convention, would "destroy the great motive to good behavior," which is the hope of reelection. A President, said Olive Ellsworth, another Founding Father, "should be reelected if his conduct prove worthy of it. And he will be more likely to render himself worthy of it if he be rewardable with it."
The ban on reelection has other perverse consequences. Forbidding a President to run again, Gouverneur Morris said, is "as much as to say that we should give him the benefit of experience, and then deprive ourselves of use of it." George Washington stoutly opposed the idea. "I can see no propriety," he wrote, "in precluding ourselves from the service of any man, who on some great emergency shall be deemed universally most capable of serving the public."
A single six-year term would release Presidents from the test of submitting their records to the voters. It would be an impeachment of the democratic process itself. The Founding Fathers were everlastingly right when they turned down this well-intentioned but ill-considered proposal 200 years ago.
The main idea of the passage is that the United States Presidents should ______
A．have wide political experience
B．serve for a term of less than six years
C．serve for a term of more than six years
D．be allowed to be reelected
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第3题
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning)Directions: In this part you will have
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
Directions: In this part you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Sustainable Communities
According to the World Wildlife Fund, people are currently using resources 25 percent faster than they can be replaced. If we continue down this course, we will need a second planet by the year 2050. Sustainable communities attempt to change that course by drastically altering how citizens interact with the environment.
Alternatively known as green communities or ecovillages (生态村), sustainable communities vary in their approaches to sustainable living, or a way of life that meets the population's basic needs in ways that can be continued indefinitely for future generations. Some communities focus solely on enriching the environment, while others also aim to improve social and economic conditions as well.
Characteristics of Sustainable Living Communities
Sustainable communities generally strive to minimize waste, reduce consumption and preserve open space. Ideally, they don't use resources faster than they can be replenished, and they don't produce waste faster than it can be assimilated back into the environment. Granted, some communities are more radical than others--living entirely off the grid and eschewing the use of government:--printed money--but the basic principles are similar.
Designing the neighborhood to encourage walking or bicycling is one way sustainable communities put these first two principles into practice. Less driving means less gas and emissions. Many ecovillages also incorporate work space into homes or encourage telecommuting. They also might zone part of the development for commercial use, essentially making the community a serf-contained environment where residents don't even have to leave for shopping or entertainment. This design sometimes is called a live- work-play lifestyle.
Using green building techniques is another staple of sustainable communities. Here are a few examples:
- Architects design buildings to take advantage of the sun's lighting and heating capabilities.
- They install energy-efficient appliances.
- They try to use local sources of materials as much as possible to cut back on the environmental costs of transport.
- They build with durable, non-toxic materials that have either been recycled or sustainably harvested.
You might see straw bale (草捆) houses, which essentially use bales of straw as the structural building blocks; cob houses, which are a mix of straw, clay and sand or earthbag homes, which are exactly what they sound like, homes made out of bags of dirt.
Along with green building techniques, sustainable communities rely on green gardening methods. They landscape with native, drought-tolerant plants and raise them organically to reduce water and keep pesticides and herbicides out of the environment.
Many communities also set aside a significant portion of their land as open space. Serenbe, for example, reserves 80 percent of its 900 acres for green space, that is, 720 acres of rolling hills, woods and streams free of development, quite a contrast to the concrete-laden urban sprawl of Atlanta just 32 miles away.
Another way sustainable communities reduce their ecological footprint is by capturing and recycling their wastes, often creating their own contained natural cycles. Instead of treating normally perceived waste products such as rainwater and sewage as pollution to be gotten rid of, residents mm th
A．We can have another planet called the Earth.
B．We will use up resources on Earth.
C．We will work out replaceable resources.
D．We will migrate to another planet to live.
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第4题
选出括号内字母读音不同的一项（）
A、（th）e
B、（th）row
C、tee（th）
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第8题
下列有关B细胞与Th细胞相互作用正确的是（）
A、B细胞为Th细胞提供第一信号
B、细胞为Th细胞提供第二信号
C、Th细胞为B细胞提供第一信号
D、Th细胞为B细胞提供第二信号
E、Th细胞分泌细胞因子作用于B细胞
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