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Questions are based on the following passage. Cocoa contains chemicals calledflavanols （
Questions are based on the following passage.
Cocoa contains chemicals calledflavanols （黄烷醇） that may help reduce the risk of strokes and heart attacks by lowering blood pressure and improving the body"s use of insulin （胰岛素） .
Washington chocolate producer Steve Kumar said that is one reason dark chocolate is increasingly popular among his customers. "A lot of people are attracted by dark chocolate because they just decide they love it， and they also have been reading all about the health benefits of dark chocolate，" said Kumar.
But those benefits have not been confirmed by studies involving large numbers of people. Also， during the production of chocolate， a lot of flavanols are destroyed， while sugar and fats are added to contribute to flavor.
Scientists now want to learn the benefits of flavanols in their pure form.
They plan a four-year study of 18，000 adults， who will take pills of pure cocoa flavanols， in what is being called the largest test of its kind. Jo-Ann Manson， of the Brigham and Women"s Hospital in Boston， is the lead researcher. "This pill of cocoa flavanols will avoid having the calories and the sugar and the fat found in chocolate，" said Manson. The pills also won"t have any taste. Participants，divided in two groups， will take two identical pills a day. One group"s pills will contain flavanols， while the others will getplacebo （安慰剂） pills. "The amount of chocolate that it would take in order to have this amount of cocoa flavanols would be more than ten times the amount that people would ordinarily eat，" said Manson.
Whatever the outcome of the study， Kumar said he"s not worried about his business. "People like the experience of actually biting into a piece of chocolate，whatever their favorites are，" he said.
The flavanol benefits test is still in the early stage， so scientists are not sure when the participants will be handed their first chocolate pills.
What chemical in cocoa may do good to the heart according to the passage？查看材料
A.Fat.
B.Insulin.
C.Sugar.
D.Flavanols.
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更多“Questions are based on t…”相关的问题

第1题

Questions are based on the following passage．He was a qualified doctor who rarely practice
Questions are based on the following passage．
He was a qualified doctor who rarely practiced but instead devoted his life to writing．He once said: "Medicine is my lawful wife, and literature is my lover．" Russian writer Anton Pavlovich Chekhov was a great playwright and one of the masters of the modem short story．
(77) When Chekhov entered the Moscow University Medical School in 1879, he started to publish hundreds of comic short stories to support his family． After he graduated, he wrote regularly for a local daily newspaper．
As a writer he was extremely fast, often producing a short story in an hour or less． Chekhov&39;s medical and science experience can be seen through the indifference（冷漠) many of his characters show to tragic events． In 1892, he became a full time writer and published some of his most memorable stories．
Chekhov often wrote about the sufferings of life in small town Russia． Tragic events control his characters who are filled with feelings of hopelessness and despair．
It is often said that nothing happens in Chekhov&39;s stories and plays． He made up for this with his exciting technique for developing drama within his characters． (78) Chekhov&39;s work combined the calm attitude of a scientist and doctor with the sensitivity(敏感）of an artist．
Some of Chekhov&39;s works were translated into Chinese as early as the 1940s． One of his famous stories, The Man in a Shell (装在套子里的人), about a school teacher&39;s extraordinarily orderly life, was selected as a text for Chinese senior students．
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov__________ 查看材料
A.had a lawful lover
B.was an illegal writer
C.used to be a lawyer
D.was a competent doctor

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第2题

There are age-related differences in our ability to lie. These are【B1】______the development of the prefrontal cortex—a part of the brain involved in controlling our behavior. It doesnt fully develop until young【B2】______, after which it gradually declines. We【B3】______that the ability to lie would also follow this【B4】______and thats what we found. We focus on the cognition of lying—how hard it is to lie,【B5】______we can judge by how long it takes a person to【B6】______a false statement. Theres a lot of evidence suggesting lying is more【B7】______demanding than telling the truth. Lying is a very【B8】______phenomenon. There are many【B9】______involved—the motivation to lie, emotions , social factors and so on. We【B10】______the cognitive aspect of lying. Its a narrow scope, but that【B11】______us to apply science to the issue. Why do young adults lie【B12】______？ I am speculating, but it【B13】______has something to do with gaining【B14】______at that age—becoming an individual and【B15】______themselves from their parents or teachers. They tend to lie more to authority figures. Weve been developing computerised tests where we try to【B16】______whether a person is lying or not, based on how fast they respond. Another approach might be to make lying more【B17】______You could ask them to tell their story in【B18】______order, for example, or ask questions that they wouldnt【B19】______For a long time, lie detection has focused on techniques that are based on stress. But these gave a lot of false positives, because truth-tellers can get as stressed as【B20】______
【B1】
A．in accordance with
B．in line with
C．in comparison with
D．in addition to

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第3题

Questions下列各 are based on the following passage. A newstudy shows a large gender gap on
Questions下列各 are based on the following passage.
A newstudy shows a large gender gap on economic policy among the nations professional economists,a divide similar to the gender divide found in the general public.
"Asa group, we are pro-market," says Ann Marl May, co-author of the study anda University of Nebraska economist. "But women are more likely to acceptgovernment regulation and involvement in economic activity than our malecolleagues. "
"Itsvery puzzling," says free market economist Veronique de Rugy of the Mercatus Center at George Mason University. "Not a .day goes by that Idont ask myself why there are so few women economists on the free market side."
A nativeof France, de Rugy supported government intervention (干预) early in her life butchanged her mind after studying economics. "We want many of the samethings as liberals--less poverty, more health care--but have radicallydifferent ideas on how to achieve it. "
IAberaleconomist Dean Baker, co-founder of the Center for Economic Policy andResearch, says male economists have been on the inside of the profession,confirming each others antiregulation views. Women, as outsiders, "aremore likely to think independently or at least see people outside of theeconomics profession as forming their peer group," he says.
Thegender balance in economics is changing. One-third of economics doctorates (博士学位) now go to women."More diversity is needed at the table when pubflc policy isdiscussed," May says.
Economistsdo agree on some things. Female economists agree with men that Europe has toomuch regulation and that Wal-mart is good for society. Male economists agreewith their, female colleagues that military spending is too high.
Thegenders are most divorced from each other on the question of equality forwomen. Male economists overwhelmingly think the wage gap between men and womenis largely the result of indi~fluals skills, experience and voluntary choices.Female economists overwhelmingly disagree by a margin of 4-to-1.
Thebiggest disagreement: 76% of women say faculty opportunities in economics favormen. Male economists point the opposite way: 80% say women are favored or theprocess is neutral.
What is the finding of the new study？
A.The gender divide is a big concern of the general public.
B.Men and women understand economics quite differently.
C.The gap between male and female economists needs to be closed.
D.Male and female economists disagree widely on economic policy,

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第4题

Questions are based on the following passage．We are locked in a generational war. No one w
Questions are based on the following passage．
We are locked in a generational war. No one wants to admit this， because it"s uglyand unwelcome. Parents are supposed to care for their children， and children are supposedto care for their aging parents. For families， these collective obligations may work. Butwhat makes sense for families doesn"t always succeed for society as a whole. The clash ofgenerations is intensifying.
Last week， a federal judge ruled that Detroit qualifies for municipal bankruptcy.This almost certainly means that pensions and health benefits for the city"s retired workerswill be trimmed. There"s a basic conflict between paying for all retirement benefits andsupporting adequate current services. The number of Detroit"s retired workers has swelled，benefits were not adequately funded and the city"s economy isn"t strong enough to takecare of both without self-defeating tax increases.
The math is unforgiving. Detroit now has two retirees for every active worker，reports the Detroit Free Press; in 2012， that was 10，525 employees and 21，113 retirees.
Satisfying retirees inevitably shortchanges their children and grandchildren. ThoughDetroit"s situation is extreme， it"s not unique. Pension benefits were once thought to belegally and politically impregnable （不受影响的） . Pension cuts in Illinois， RhodeIsland and elsewhere have shattered this assumption. Chicago is considering reductionsfor its retirees.
What"s occurring at the state and local levels is an incomplete and imperfect effortto balance the interests of young and old. Conflicts vary depending on benefits" generosityand the strength——-or weakness——-of local economies. A study of 173 cities by the Centerfor Retirement Research at Boston College found pension costs averaged 7.9 percent oftax revenues， but those of many cities were much higher. Health benefits add to costs.
At the federal level， even this sloppy generational reckoning is missing. Theelderly"s interests are running roughshod （冷酷无情的） over other national concems.
Social Security， Medicare and Medicaid——programs heavily for the retired——dominate thebudget， accounting for about 44 percent of spending， and have been largely excluded fromdeficit-reduction measures.
Almost all the adjustment falls on other programs: defense， courts， research， roads，education. Or higher taxes. The federal government is increasingly a transfer agency:
Taxes from the young and middle-aged are spent on the elderly.
The explanation for this is politics. For states and localities， benefit cuts affectgovernment workers， while at the federal level， it"s all the elderly， a huge group thatincludes everyone"s parents and grandparents. As a result， the combat has beenlopsided （不平衡的） . Younger Americans have generally been clueless about howshifting demographics threaten their future government services and taxes.
What does the word "‘assumption" refer to in Paragraph 3？查看材料
A.Pensions are legal and won"t be affected by politics.
B.Pensions are easily affected by government policies.
C.Pensions are largely paid by the elderly.
D.Pensions are largely paid by tax.

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第5题

选词填空：For many Americans, 2013 ended with an unusually bitter cold spell.

　　Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

　　For many Americans, 2013 ended with an unusually bitter cold spell. November and December（36） early snow and bone-chilling temperatures in much of the country, part of a year when, for the first time in two（37）, record-cold days will likely turn out to have outnumbered record-warm ones. But the U.S. was the exception; November was the warmest ever （38）, and current data indicates that 2013 is likely to have been the fourth hottest year on record.

　　Enjoy the snow now, because （39）are good that 2014 will be even hotter, perhaps the hottest year since records have been kept. That’s because, scientists are predicting, 2014 will be an EI Niuo year.

　　EI niuo, Spanish for “the child”, （40） when surface ocean waters in the southern Pacific become abnormally warm. So large is the Pacific, covering 30% of the planet’s surface, that the（41 ）energy generated by its warming is enough to touch off a series of weather changes around the world. EI Ninos are （42）with abnormally dry conditions in Southeast Asia and Australia. They can lead to extreme rain in parts of North and South America, even as southern Africa（43） dry weather. Marine life may be affected too; EI Ninos can （44 ） the rising of the cold, nutrient-rich（营养丰富的）water that supports large fish （45）,and the unusually warm ocean temperatures can destroy coral(珊瑚).

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第6题

阅读题：There is a difference between science and technology. Science is a method of answering theoretical questions

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

　　There is a difference between science and technology. Science is a method of answering theoretical questions; technology is a method of solving practical problems. Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships between observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to organize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, techniques, and procedures for implementing the finding of science.

　　Another distinction between science and technology has to do with the progress in each.

　　Progress in science excludes the human factor. Scientists, who seek to comprehend the universe and know the truth within the highest degree of accuracy and certainty, cannot pay attention to their own or other people's likes or dislikes or to popular ideas about the fitness of things. What scientists discover may shock or anger people-as did Darwin's theory of evolution. But even an unpleasant truth is more than likely to be useful; besides, we have the choice of refusing to believe it! But hardly so with technology; we do not have the choice of refusing to hear the sonic boom produced by a supersonic aircraft flying overhead; we do not have the option of refusing to breathe polluted air; and we do not have the option of living in a non-atomic age. Unlike science progress, technology must be measured in terms of the human factor. The legitimate purpose of technology is to serve people in general, not merely some people; and future generations, not merely those who presently wish to gain advantage for themselves. Technology must be humanistic if it is to lead to a better world.

　　21. The difference between science and technology lies in that _____.

　　A) the former provides answers to theoretical questions while the latter to practical problems

　　B) the former seeks to comprehend the universe while the latter helps change the material world

　　C) the former aims to discover the inter-connections of facts and the rules that explain them while the latter, to discover new designs and ways of making the things we use in our daily life

　　D) all of the above

　　22. Which of the following may be representative of science？

　　A) The improvement of people's life.

　　B) The theory of people's life.

　　C) Farming tools.

　　D) Mass production.

　　23. According to the author, scientific theories _____.

　　A) must be strictly objective

　　B) usually take into consideration people's likes and dislikes

　　C) should conform. to popular opinions

　　D) always appear in perfect and finished forms

　　24. The author states that technology itself _____.

　　A) is responsible for widespread pollution and resource exhaustion

　　B) should serve those who wish to gain advantage for themselves

　　C) will lead to a better world if put to wise use

　　D) will inevitably be for bad purpose

　　25. The tone of the author in this passage is _____.

　　A) positive

　　B) negative

　　C) factual

　　D) critical

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第7题

Questions 11 to I5 are based on the following passage:Over the years, college students hav
Questions 11 to I5 are based on the following passage:
Over the years, college students have stood together for what they believe in, from civil rights to anti-war policies to the more recent protests against the unequal distribution of wealth. But nowhere in history have students banned （禁止）bottled water. Until now.
The bottled water ban, which Parted on just a few campuses, has now spread nationwide to more than 20 universities. The colleges have cither completely banned the use of plastic bottles altogether, or some have taken a more limited approach with partial bans.
Many people believe that producing and bottled water wastes money and harms the environment. They say that bottled water is unnecessary because public water supplies in the U.S. arc among the best in the world. Water fountains and reusable bottles with easy access （获取）to filling stations are a better choice.
An organization called Ban the Bottle raises awareness about the economic and environmental costs of using plastic bottles. The group claims that eight glasses of water a day costs each person 49 cents annually, while drinking from plastic containers costs $I,400 per year. Plastic bottles contain antimony—a chemical that in low doses causes depression, but in large doses can even lead to death.
The controversy over bottled or tap is not limited to the students and college administrations. The makers of bottled water see the movement as a threat. (80) They argue that plastic bottles make UP a small portion of the nation ’s total waste. It&39;s unfair to single out （单独挑出）their product when so many other items are packaged in plastic containers. Plus, water is a healthy choice compared to some sodas and juices that arc also sold at school.
Which of the following is the main idea of the passage？
A.Many universities ban or restrict the sale of bottled water.
B.Many states ban or restrict the sale of bottled water.
C.The bottled water industry is concerned about its decreasing sales.
D.Many people are opposed to the bottled water ban.
The word controversy in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to _____.A.choice
B.control
C.argument
D.statement
According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE？A.All the universities have banned the sale of bottled water.
B.Plastic bottles may do harm to peopled health.
C.The purchase of soft drinks will increase.
D.Bottled is cheap and environment-friendly.
According to Ban the Bottle, drinking bottled water costs _____ dollars per year.A.8
B.20
C.49
D.1400
What does the bottled water industry use in its own defense？A.Bottled water is much leaner than tap water.
B.Students should have freedom of choice.
C.The bottles are made in a more environment-friendly way.
D.Water is healthier than some sodas and juices.

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第8题

听力原文：M: Can we make you an offer？ We would like to run the campaign for four extra weeks.
W: Well, can we summarize the problem from our point of view？ First of all, the campaign was late. It missed two important trade fairs. The ads also did not appear into key magazines. As a result, the campaign failed. Do you accept that summary of what happened？
M: Well, the delay wasn't entirely our fault. You did in fact make late changes to the specifications of the advertisements.
W: Hmm, actually, you were late with the initial proposals, so you had very little time. And in fact, we only asked for small changes.
M: Well, whatever. Can we repeat our offer to run the campaign for four extra weeks？
W: That's not really the point. The campaign missed two key trade fairs. Because of this, we're asking you either to repeat the campaign next year for free, or we only pay 50% of the fee for this year.
M; Could we suggest a 20% reduction to the fee together with the four-week sustention to the campaign？
W: We are not happy. We lost business.
M: I think we both made mistakes. The responsibility is on both sides.
W: Ok, let's suggest a new solution. How about a 40% cut in fee, or a free repeat campaign？
M: Well, let's take a break. We're not getting very far. Perhaps we should think about this.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
22. What do we learn about the man's company？
23. Why was the campaign delayed according to the man？
24. What did the woman propose as a solution to the problem？
25. What does the man suggest they do at the end of the conversation？
(25)
A．It publishes magazines.
B．It is engaged in product design.
C．It sponsors trade fairs.
D．It runs sales promotion campaigns.

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第9题

Questions 下列各 are based on the following passage. A day after the mobile phone celebrated its 40th birthday, Facebook has produced something that it hopes will make certain of the devices even more useful. On April 4th the giant social network 36 Home, new software that is designed to give it more prominence on mobile phones powered by Android, an operating system developed by Google. This matters because more and more folk are now accessing social networks from mobile devices rather than from desktop computers and because mobile advertising 37 are growing fast, albeit from a low base. Without a robust mobile 38 , Facebook could see some of its users siphoned off by rivals born in the mobile era. And it could miss out on a 39 massive source of new revenue. There had been 40 that Facebook was working on a phone of its own, or at least on a mobile operating system to rival Android or Apples IOS. But dabbling in hardware at this stage of its development would be a huge risk for Facebook and developing a rival operating system would risk 41 Apple and Google, whose mobile platforms have helped power its advertising growth, eMarketer, a research firm, 42 Facebook is on track to win 11% of the $13.6 billion likely to be spent around the world on mobile ads this year. Home, which is a group of Facebook apps, avoids both pitfalls. Among other things, it 43 a phones home screen (and lock screen) to Facebooks Newsfeed, allowing people to get updates on what their friends are doing without having to launch a 44 app each time they want news. A phone using Home will also notify you when your friends are doing something new, as well as alerting you to new data from other apps. Another feature is a tool called "Chat Heads" that 45 Facebooks message system to a phones regular SMS message offering. This means messages pop up on the home screen along with the senders profile picture, which is enclosed in a small circle.

请回答（36）题__________.

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第10题

词汇理解：Physical activity does the body good, and there's growing evidence that it helps the brain too.

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)2016年6月大学英语四级卷1真题及答案

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

Physical activity does the body good, and there's growing evidence that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise, whether at school or on their own, 26 to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a 27 of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic 28 , investigators found that the more children moved, the better their grades were in school, 29 in the basic subjects of math, English and reading.

The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to 30 on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time. With standardized test scores in the U.S. 31 in recent years, some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show, exercise and academics may not be 32 exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood 33 to the brain, fueling memory, attention and creativity, which are 34 to learning. And exercise releases hormones that can improve 35 and relieve stress, which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they're running around, they may actually be exercising their brains as well.

A)attendance

B)consequently

C)current

D)depressing

E)dropping

F)essential

G)feasible

H)flow

I)mood

J)mutually

K)particularly

L)performance

M)review

N)survive

O)tend

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第11题

根据下列材料，请回答下列各题： Passage One Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage. Living in a time when an ever-increasing number of news providers push a constant stream of headlines at us every day, people cannot say they do not feel overwhelmed. But what of its the ways we choose to read the news that make us feel overwhelmed？ An interesting new study conducted by Avery Holton and Iris Chyi from the University of Texas looks at the factors that contribute to the concept of information overload. They surveyed more than 750 adults on their digital consumption habits and perceptions of information overload. What the findings suggest, Holton said, is that the news platforms a person is using can play a bigger role in making him feel overwhelmed than the sheer number of news sources being consumed. So even if you read The Huffington Post and The New York Times in a day, you may not feel as drowned with news ff you read on your phone instead of on your desktop. The more contained, or even constrained, aplat form. feels, the more it can contribute to people feeling less overwhelmed, Holton said. That may also explain why people have feelings of being overwhelmed by Facebook, which like reading on the web, can be a bottomless hole of stories, videos, and endless links. But it doesnt explain why people in the survey had different feelings towards Twitter, which can also be a stream of links. One possible explanation is whether you define yourself" as a news fan. The survey asked people to report. how much they enjoyed keeping up with the new——people who said they did had less of a perception of information overload. If youre the type of person who wants to follow news during the day, its likely you have an established routine and a set of sites you check regularly. You also may not need as much context around the news. All of that would make Twitter a good source for you. Conversely, if youre more passive about following the news, you might need to make more , of an effort to find the right sources or find background or contextual information, which could lead to feelings of being overloaded, Holton said. "Knowing what youre looking for can decrease overload or perceptions of overload. So can constant engagement," he said. The new study conducted by Avery Holton and Iris Chyi
A.examines how news providers take advantage of headlines
B.studies what can lead to the concept of information overload
C.discusses solutions for people who feel overwhelmed
D.reviews different attitudes to the digital consumption

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