更多“We often use signs as we…”相关的问题
第1题
You jump into a car, tell it where you want to go then sit back and let a computer take control. It seems a dream in the future. It isn't.
In many ways such driverless cars are already with us. There is partial automation in many cars, such as intelligent braking, lane departure warning and automatic parking. The systems are there {A; B; C} cars can pretty much drive themselves. No one noticed the introduction of cruise control. We've got collision avoidance, and we'll soon have automatic lane change.
Improving this technology should make the roads safer. Machines are much better at following rules than humans. Driveway signs advise drivers to slow down to avoid {A; B; C} jams. They are often ignored by drivers. But it won't happen {A; B; C} a computer. Driverless cars could also choose the best route to avoid traffic jams.
Fewer jams will mean {A; B; C} stop-start driving. Maintaining smooth and constant speeds will improve fuel efficiency. Computers could also be programmed to take the greenest route, rather than the fastest one. Under computer control, cars could also travel much closer together.
They can effectively “slipstream” one another and use less fuel to move themselves forward. They can even form. multi-car “trains” going {A; B; C} high speeds. However, with driverless cars on the roads, there will be potential trust issues between people and machines. We could therefore see guard rails back on the sides of pavements. This would be a backwards step.
1. A. because B. so that C. such as
2. A. creating B. to creat C. creat
3. A. with B. to C. on
4. A. more B. little C. less
5. A. over B. in C. at
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第2题
Mobile Phones:Are They about to Transform. Our Lives？ We love them so much that some of us sleep with them under the pillow,yet we are increasingly concerned that we cannot escape their electronic reach.We use them to convey our most intimate secrets,yet we worry that they are a threat to our privacy.We rely on them more than the lnternet to cope with modern life,yet many of us don’t believe advertisements saying we need more advanced services.
Sweeping aside the doubts that many people feel about the benefits of new third generation phones and fears over the health effects of phone masts(天线竿),a recent report clains that the long-term effects of new mobile technologies will be entirely positive so long as the public can be convinced to make use of them.Research about users of mobile phones reveals that the mobile has already moved beyond being a mere practical communications tool to become the backbone (支柱)of modern social life,from love affairs to friendship to work.One female teacher,32,told the researchers:“I love my phone.It’s my friend.”
The close relationship between user and phone is most pronounced among teenagers,the report says,who regard their mobiles as an expression of their identity.This is partly because mobiles are seen as being beyond the control of parents.But the researchers suggest that another reason may be that mobiles,especially taxt messaging,are seen as a way of overcoming shyness.“Texting is often used for apologies,to excuse lateness or to communicate other things that make us uncomfortable,”the report says,The impact of phones,however,has been local rather than global,supporting existing friendships and networks,rather than opening users to a new broader community.Even the language of texting in one area can be incomprehensible to anybody from another area.
Among the most important benefits of using mobile phones,the report claims,will be a vastly improved mobile infrastructure(基础设施),providing gains throughout the economy,and the provision of a more sophisticated location-based services for users.The report calls on govemment to put more effort into the delivery of services by bobile phone,with suggestions including public transport and traffic information and doctors’ text messages to remind patients of appointments.“I love that idea,”one user said in an interview.“It would mean I wouldn’t have to write a hundred messages to myself.”
There are many other possibilities.At a recent trade fair in Sweden,a mobile navigation product was launched.When the user enters a destination,a route is automatically downloaded to their mobile and presented by voice,pictures and maps as they drive.In future,these devices will also be able to plan around congestion(交通堵塞)and road works in real time.Third generation phones will also allow for remote monitoring of patients by doctors.In Britain scientists are developing a asthma(哮喘)management solution,using mobiles to detect early signs of an attack.
第11题：What does the writer suggest in the first paragraph about our attitudes to mobile phones？
A．We can’t live without them.
B．We are worried about using them so much.
C．We have contradictory feelings about them.
D．We need them more than anything else to deal with modem life.
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第3题
Typical （)and symptoms are often seen here.
A、signs
B、mark
C、sign
D、marking
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第4题
First, while language provides a means of saying and doing things, teaching is generally being divorced from the use we make of language.【M1】______ We teach an unapplied system, rather than teach students directly to do【M2】______ things that they need to do through languages. Second, language is a social tool used by thinking social individuals. Hence we teach students【M3】______ to do and say things with language which is fundamentally insignificant【M4】______ to them as persons, and consequently they say these things formally and impersonally. A third great source of inefficacy is due to an effort to 【M5】______ teach all the students in a group at the same rate. We acknowledge that this is unfair to the capable student, but we probably do not realize the unfairness to the slow student, who is often taking as being 【M6】______ unintelligent. Theres no evidence that slow students are necessary 【M7】______ unintelligent, or unintelligent students are incapable of learning a 【M8】______ language. With proper designed courses, students, learning to do what【M9】______ they need to the language, can rise to unprecedented levels of 【M10】______ competence.
【M1】
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第5题
How men first learnt to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we reallyknow is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thought and feelings, actions andthings, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters,which could be combined to present those sounds, and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spokenor written in letters, we call words.The power of words, then, lies in their associations - the things they bring up before our minds. Words become filledwith meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad eventsof our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something increases. Greatwriters are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfullyto our minds and emotions. This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary style. Above all, the realpoet isa master of words. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music and which by their position andasociation can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words caretully and use them acurately,or they will make our speech silly and vulgar.
1、Which of the following statements about the real poet is NOT true?（）
A. He is no more than a master of words.
B. He can convey his ideas in words which sing like music.
C. He can move men to tears.
D. His style is always charming
2. By ”association” in the last paragraph, the author means（）.
A. a special quality
B. a joining of ideas in the mind
C. an appearance which is puzzling
D. a strange feature
3. The real power of words consists in their（）.
A. properties
B. characteristics
C. peculiarity
D. representative function
4. What is true about words?（）
A. They are used to express feelings only.
B. They can not be written down.
C. They are simply sounds.
D. They are mysterious.
5. The origin of language is（）.
A. a legend handed down from the past
B. a matter that is hidden or secret
C. a question difficult to answer
D. a problem not yet solved
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第6题
We are profoundly ignorant about the origins of language and have to content ourselves with more or less plausible speculations. We do not even know for certain when language arose, but it seems likely that it goes back to the earliest history of man, perhaps haft a million years ago. We have no direct evidence, but it seems probable that it took the earliest forms of human cooperation. In the Ice Ages of the Pleistocene(更新世) period, our earliest human ancestors established the Old Stone Age culture; they made stone tools and, later, tools of bone, ivory, and antler; they made fire and cooked their food; they hunted big game, often by methods that called for considerable cooperation and coordination. As their material culture gradually developed, they became artists and drew pebbles as well as wonderful paintings of animals on the walls of caves. It is difficult to believe that the makers of these Paleolithic(旧石器时代的) cultures lacked the power of speech. It is a long step, admittedly, from other earliest flint weapons to the splendid spear of the late Stone Age: the first crude flints date back perhaps to 500,000 B.C., while the finest achievements of Old Stone Age man are later than 100,000 B. C.; and in this period we can envisage a corresponding development of language, from the most primitive and limited language of the earliest human groups to a fully developed language in the flowering time of Old .Stone Age culture.
How did language arise in the first place？ There are many theories about this, based on various types of indirect evidence, such as the language of children, the language of primitive societies, the kinds of changes
that have taken place in language in the course of recorded history, the behavior. of higher animals like chimpanzees, and the behavior. of people suffering from speech defects. These types of evidence may provide us with pointers, but they all suffer from limitations.
When we consider the language of children, we haw to remember that their situations are quite different from those of our earliest human ancestors because the child, growing up in an environment where there is al- ready a fully developed language, is surrounded by adults who use that language and are teaching it to him. For example, it has been shown that the earliest words used by children are mainly the names of things and people ("doll," "spoon," "Mummy"), but this fact does not prove that the earliest words of primitive man were also the names of things and people. When the child learns the name of an object, he may then use it to express his wishes or demands.
"Doll!" often means,. "Give me my doll!" or "I've dropped my doll. Pick it up for me!" The child is us- ing language to get things done, and it is almost an accident of adult teaching that the words used to formulate the child's demands are mainly nouns instead of words like "Bring!" "Pick Up!" and so on.
Theories of the origin of language include all of the following EXCEPT______.
A．communication among primitive men
B．the need to communicate
C．the language of children
D．the first man's extensive vocabulary
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第7题
The symbols of mathematics ()we are familiar are signs ofaddition, subtraction and division, multiplication andequality.
A、to which
B、which
C、with which
D、in which
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第8题
Over the past decade,many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors-
Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors-habits-among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.
"There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that remain killers only because we can't figure out how to change people's habit," said Dr. Curtis, the director the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. " We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically. "
The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to-Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever-had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers' lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.
If you look hard enough, you'll find that many of the products we use every day-chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity- preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.
A few decades ago, many people didn't drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.
"Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns", said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. "Creating positive habit is a huge part of improving our consumers' lives, and it's essential to making new products commercially viable. "
Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through ruthless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.
According to Dr. Curtis, habits like hand washing with soap______.
A．should be further cultivated
B．should be changed gradually
C．are deeply rooted in history
D．arc basically private concern
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第9题
_______ is the activity we normally engage in when we read books, newspapers, road signs, etc. It involves looking at the sentences and understanding the message they convey.
A. reading aloud
B. reading for meaning
C. silent reading
D. reading for information
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第10题
Why We Need Vacations There's more to a vacation than can be described in travel books. We certainly need breaks from work. But there is even more to be said for a get-away break, leaving all daily work behind and living a different life for a short time. The benefits of taking a vacation start long before the suitcases are packed. A vacation is something to look forward to. It gives us the sense that whatever is happening at the moment will end soon. Companies sometimes use away-breaks to restore（恢复）motivation and team relationships. If you're able to switch off and leave your daily work behind, when you come back, you often view old situations with fresh eyes and see them in a new way. People don't disappear while no vacation. We're still thinking and feeling the whole time we're away. What really makes the difference is not simply getting away from the daily work; it's being able to do something else instead. We might speak to people we wouldn't normally meet, try sports we'd not do otherwise, and discover interests we never knew we had. Vacations also allow us to focus on the present in a way that's hard to do at home. When you're in a new environment for a short time, your attention tends to be on what's happening right now and in the next few days. Being "in the moment" is in itself one of the keys to getting relaxed, and this happens more naturally on vacation. Every vacation is an adventure full of potential discoveries. Perhaps more than anything else, vacations enable us to raise our eyes from familiar paths so that we can look around and see that there's a world out there. People need to explore more about the meaning of a vacation.A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
We begin to feel the benefits of a vacation after we start to pack our suitcases.A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
People expect that a vacation ahead will put an end to what is happening now.A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
On vacation, we don't try new sports.A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
People on vacation often buy gifts for each other.A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
Adventures are more important than discoveries for a vacation.A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
A vacation may enable us to look at old things in a new way.A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
One of the keys to getting relaxed is to focus on the present.A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
Companies do not pay their employees when they are on vacation.A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
We may find out our hidden interests during vacations.A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
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