"Town Hall is the tallest building in the city".
"（）from here?"

One of the key challenges in urban architecture over the next 50 years will be figuring out how to squeeze vast numbers of additional people into urban areas that are already extremely crowded. London, for example, will somehow have to deal with a projected 100,000 extra inhabitants every year until 2016. The current plan of building a new “satellite towns” of the city causes a lot of problems---but architecture think tanks are working on ambitious solutions that go vertical instead of horizontal in search of space.
In terms of population density, London is one of the least crowded major cities in the world---four times fewer people per square kilometer than Paris, for example, six times fewer than New York and eight times fewer than Cairo. But the fact remains that the city’s population is growing at a rapid rate, and horizontal expansion into the surrounding areas is eating up increasingly important agricultural land, as well as worsening all the transport problems that come with urban growth.
Popular Architecture would propose a radically different solution. The proposal is to go upwards, with vertical towers of considerable size, each representing an entire new town, by the time it’s completed. Each tower would be 1500 meters high. Beyond mere accommodation, each tower would function as an entire town unit, with its own schools, hospitals, parks and gardens, sports faculties, business areas and community spaces. The population density of such a tower could help lower the individual energy requirements of each inhabitant, reducing the ecological impact of the population as a whole.
The village towers are considered as hollow tubes, with large holes to allow light and air though the entire construction. Occasional floor discs spread throughout the height of the building will give inhabitants large central areas in the middle of the tube to use as gathering spaces.
While the building itself is unlikely ever to be seriously considered for construction---imagine the number of elevators it would need, let alone the safety implications of open areas at such heights and with such wind exposure---the concept can serve as conversation-starter for urban planners looking to face the challenges of the current and coming countries.
One key challenging task for urban architects in the future is to ______.
A.build new satellite towns
B.work out ambitious plans
C.design less crowded cities
D.accommodate more inhabitants
Which of the following cities has the largest population density？
A.Cairo.
B.Paris.
C.London.
D.New York.
Horizontal expansion not only wastes land, but makes it hard for London to ______.
A.handle its safety problems
B.resolve its transport issues
C.control its population growth
D.measure its population density
The vertical tower would represent an entire new town in itself because______.
A.it is energy-saving
B.it is cost-effective
C.it is self-sufficient
D.it is comfort-oriented
For city planners today, the idea of building a vertical tower can become______.A.a topic for fun
B.a shocking reality
C.a modest proposal
D.a source of inspiration

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Building Renovation In cities across the United States, old factories,warehouses,schools,
Building Renovation
In cities across the United States, old factories,warehouses,schools, railroad stations and other buildings are being renovated for new uses. City planners and private investors are finding that good buildings, no matter how old, can be remodeled for new purposes. "If you'd asked someone four or five years ago whether he'd rent an apartment in an abandoned piano factory or clothing warehouse, he' d have thought you were crazy," says a New York architect. "Today, many people are eager to do it. " The, renovating may include a former city hall or courthouse changed into offices;a bank or church changed into a restaurant; or, as in Plains, Georgia, a railroad station used as a center for a presidential campaign.
Only a few decades ago, renovation was unpopular and generally far more expensive than taking down abandoned buildings, and starting from the beginning.A change began in the 1960s with a number of well-advertised projects, They included Ghirardelli Square in San Francisco,where an old chocolate factory was restored and made into shops and restaurants; Trolley Square in Salt Lake City, where abandoned car warehouses became a shopping mall;the Soho District of New York City, where unused warehouses were made into artists' studios and apartments.
What caused the change？ "One reason is nostalgia,"a San Francisco builder suggests."Maybe old is better than new, many people are saying, Feelings about preserving attractive or historic buildings have changed a great deal. " A second cause is economy. The cost of tearing down an old building and constructing a new one from nothing now has risen to the point where it is often less expensive to fix a solid older structure. Also builders realize that fixing up an existing building often requires no new permits, sewer lines, or water connections.
Even when the costs of restoration are the same as or a bit more than the costs of putting up a new building, fixing the old building may be better. A Boston architect says,"The advantage comes when you can develop a final project that is more desirable than a new building one with the right location, more space, more floor area, a special character, materials of a particular quality. " Gradually, architects and builders are developing knowledge about renovation and preservation, bringing imagination and creativity to the job．
第 41 题 In the United States, renovating old buildings_________
A．has had a long history
B．is becoming increasingly popular
C．is still unpopular
D．has just caught the fancy of architects and builders

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One of the key challenges in urban architecture over the next 50 years will be figuring out how to squeeze vast numbers of additional people into urban areas that are already extremely 01 . London, for example, will 02 have to deal with a projected 100, 000 extra inhabitants every year until 2016. The 03 plan of building new “satellite towns” of the city causes a lot of problems -- but architecture 04 tanks are working on ambitious solutions that go vertical instead of horizontal in search of 05 .
In 06 of population density, London is one of the 07 crowded major cities in the world — four times fewer people per square kilometer than Paris, for example, six times fewer than New York and eight times fewer than Cairo. But the fact remains that the city's population is 08 at a rapid rate, and horizontal expansion into the surrounding areas is 09 up increasingly important agricultural land, as well as worsening all the transport problems that come with urban 10 .
Popular Architecture would propose a radically 11 solution. The proposal is to go upwards, with vertical towers of considerable size, each representing an entire new town by the time it's 12 . Each tower would be 1500 meters high. 13 mere accommodation, each tower would function as an entire town unit, with its own schools, hospitals, parks and gardens, sports facilities, business areas and community spaces. The population density of such a tower could help 14 the individual energy requirements of each inhabitant, reducing the ecological impact of the population as a whole.
The village towers are considered as hollow tubes, with large holes to allow 15 and air through the entire construction. Occasional floor discs spread 16 the height of the building will give inhabitants large central areas in the middle of the tube to use as 17 spaces.
While the building itself is 18 ever to be seriously considered for construction -- imagine the number of elevators it would need, let 19 the safety implications of open areas at such heights and with such wind exposure — the concept can serve as a conversation-starter for urban planners looking to 20 the challenges of the current and coming centuries.
(1)A.crownB.crowdedC.crowdD.crow
(2)A.anywhereB.somewhereC.anyhowD.somehow
(3)A.currentB.currencyC.currenceD.currently
(4)A.thinkingB.thoughC.thinkD.thought
(5)A.ageB.placeC.spaceD.time
(6)A.termsB.turnC.termD.turns
(7)A.lessB.a littleC.leastD.little
(8)A.growB.growingC.grownD.grew
(9)A.eatingB.eatC.ateD.eaten
(10)A.grewB.grownC.growD.growth
(11)A.indifferenceB.indifferentC.differenceD.different
(12)A.completedB.competeC.completeD.competed
(13)A.BeforeB.BetweenC.BehindD.Beyond
(14)A.lowestB.lowC.levelD.lower
(15)A.heavyB.heavierC.lightD.lighter
(16)A.thoughB.throughoutC.throughD.thought
(17)A.togetherB.gatheredC.gatheringD.gather
(18)A.likelyB.unlikelyC.likedD.like
(19)A.loneB.longC.aloneD.lonely
(20)A.facedB.faceC.facingD.faces

The building is（)the tallest in the city.
A、by far
B、by which
C、so far
D、near by

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In cities across the United States, old factories, warehouses, schools railroad stations and other buildings are being renovated for new uses.City planners and private investors are finding the good buildings, no matter how old, can be remodeled for new purposes.“If you’d asked someone four or five years ago whether he’d rent an apartment in an abandoned piano factory of clothing warehouse, he’d have thought you were crazy,” says a New York architect.“Today, many people are eager to do it.” The renovating may include a former city hall or courthouse changed into offices; a bank or church changed into a restaurant; or , as in Plains, Georgia, a railroad station used as a center for a presidential campaign.
Only a few decades ago, renovation was unpopular and generally far more expensive than taking down abandoned building and string from the beginning.A change began in the 1960s with a number of well-advertised projects.They included Ghirardelli Square in San Francisco, where an old chocolate factory was restored and made into shops and restaurants, Trolly Square in Salt Lake, where unused warehouses were made into artists’ studios and apartments.
What caused the change？ “One reason is nostalgia,” a San Francisco builder suggests.“Maybe old is better than new, many people are saying.Feelings about preserving attractive or historic buildings have changed a great deal.” A second cause is economy.The cost of tearing down an old building and constructing a new one from nothing now has risen to the point where it is often less expensive to fix a solid older structure.Also builders realize that fixing up an existing building often requires no new permits, sewer lines, or water connections.
Even when the costs of restoration are the same as or a bit more than the costs of putting up a new building, fixing the old building may be better.A Boston architect says The advantage comes when you can develop a final project that is more desirable than a new building – one with the right location, more space, more floor area, a special character, materials of a particular quality.” Gradually, architects and builders are developing knowledge about renovation and preservation, bringing imagination and creativity to the job.
16.In the United States, renovating old buildings_____.
A.has had a long history
B.is becoming increasingly popular
C.is still unpopular
D.has just caught the fancy of architects and builders
17.Ghirardelli Square, Trolley Square, and the Soho district are projects that_________.
A.have been given much publicity
B.are little known to the public
C.have been widely discussed among builders and city planners
D.have changed the building business
18.“Nostalgia” in the 3rd paragraph most probably means________.
A.being conservative
B.being keen on saving money
C.being fond of things new
D.being fond of things of the remote past
19.Which of the following statements is true？
A.Every old building can be renovated for new uses
B.Renovating old buildings is always less costly than putting up new ones
C.Renovation does not require imagination and creativity
D.Fixing an old building may have advantages even when it costs a little more

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Every street had a story, every building a memory. Those blessed with wonderful childhoods can drive the streets of their hometowns and happily roll back the years. The rest are pulled home by duty and leave as soon as possible. After Ray Atlee had been in Clanton (his hometown) for fifteen minutes he was anxious to get out.
The town had changed, but then it hadn't. On the highways leading in, the cheap metal buildings and mobile homes were gathering as tightly as possible next to the roads for maximum visibility. This town had no zoning whatsoever. A landowner could build anything with no permit, no inspection, no notice to adjoining landowners, nothing. Only hog farms and nuclear reactors required approvals and paperwork. The result was a slash-and-build clutter that got uglier by the year.
But in the older sections, nearer the square, the town had not changed at all. The long shaded streets were as clean and neat as when Ray roamed them on his bike. Most of the houses were still owned by people he knew, or if those folks had passed on the new owners kept the lawns clipped and the shutters painted. Only a few were being neglected. A handful had been abandoned.
This deep in Bible country, it was still an unwritten rule in the town that little was done on Sundays except go to church, sit on porches, visit neighbors, rest and relax the way God intended.
It was cloudy, quite cool for May, and as he toured his old turf, killing time until the appointed hour for the family meeting, he tried to dwell on the good memories from Clanton. There was Dizzy Dean Park where he had played little League for the Pirates, and there was the public pool he'd swum in every summer except 1969 when the city closed it rather than admit black children. There were the churches—Baptist, Methodist, and Presbyterian—facing each other at the intersection of Second and Elm like wary sentries, their steeples competing for height. They were empty now, but in an hour or so the more faithful would gather for evening services.
The square was as lifeless as the streets leading to it. With eight thousand people, Clanton was just large enough to have attracted the discount stores that had wiped out so many small towns. But here the people had been faithful to their downtown merchants, and there wasn't a single empty or boarded-up building around the square—no small miracle. The retail shops were mixed in with the banks and law offices and cafes, all closed for the Sabbath.
He inched through the cemetery and surveyed the Atlee section in the old part, where the tombstones were grander. Some of his ancestors had built monuments for their dead. Ray had always assumed that the family money he'd never seen must have been buried in those graves. He parked and walked to his mother's grave, something he hadn't done in years. She was buried among the Atlees, at the far edge of the family plot because she had barely belonged.
Soon, in less than an hour, he would be sitting in his father's study, sipping bad instant tea and receiving instructions on exactly how his father would be laid to rest. Many orders were about to be given, many decrees and directions, because his father (who used to be a judge) was a great man and cared deeply about how he was to be remembered.
Moving again, Ray passed the water tower he'd climbed twice, the second time with the police waiting below. He grimaced at his old high school, a place he'd never visited since he'd left it. Behind it was the football field where his brother Forrest had romped over opponents and almost became famous before getting bounced off the team.
It was twenty minutes before five, Sunday, May 7.Time for the family meeting.
From the first paragraph, we get the impression that ______.
A．Ray cherished his childhood memories.
B．Ray had something urgent to take care of.
C．Ray may not have a happy childhood.
D．Ray cannot remember his childhood days.

The archivists requested a donkey, but what they got from the mayor’s office were four wary black sheep,which, as of Wednesday morning, were chewing away at a lumpy field of grass beside the municipal archives building as the City of Paris’s newest, shaggiest lawn mowers. Mayor Bertrand Delano has made the environment a priority since his election in 2001, with popular bike- and car-sharing programs, an expanded network of designated lanes for bicycles and buses, and an enormous project to pedestrianize the banks along much of the Seine.
The sheep, which are to mow (and, not inconsequentially, fertilize) an airy half-acre patch in the 19th District intended in the same spirit. City Hall refers to the project as “eco-grazing,” and it notes that the four ewes will prevent the use of noisy, gas-guzzling mowers and cut down on the use of herbicides. Paris has plans for a slightly larger eco-grazing project not far from the archives building, assuming all goes well; similar projects have been under way in smaller towns in the region in recent years.
The sheep, from a rare, diminutive Breton breed called Ouessant, stand just about two feet high. Chosen for their hardiness, city officials said, they will pasture here until October inside a three-foot-high, yellow electrified fence.
“This is really not a one-shot deal,” insisted René Dutrey, the adjunct mayor for the environment and sustainable development. Mr. Dutrey, a fast-talking man in orange-striped Adidas Samba sneakers, noted that the sheep had cost the city a total of just about $335, though no further economic projections have been drawn up for the time being.
A metal fence surrounds the grounds of the archives, and a security guard stands watch at the gate, so there is little risk that local predators — large, unleashed dogs, for instance — will be able to reach the ewes.
Curious humans, however, are encouraged to visit the sheep, and perhaps the archives, too. The eco-grazing project began as an initiative to attract the public to the archives, and informational panels have been put in place to explain what, exactly, the sheep are doing here.
“Myself, I wanted a donkey,” said Agnès Masson, the director of the archives, an ultramodern 1990 edifice built of concrete and glass. Sheep, it was decided, would be more appropriate.
But the archivists have had to be trained to care for the animals. In the unlikely event that a ewe should flip onto her back, Ms. Masson said, someone must rush to put her back on her feet.
Norman Joseph Woodland was born in Atlantic City on Sept. 6, 1921. As a Boy Scout he learned Morse code, the spark that would ignite his invention.
After spending World War II on the Manhattan Project , Mr. Woodland resumed his studies at the Drexel Institute of Technology in Philadelphia (it is now Drexel University), earning a bachelor’s degree in 1947.
As an undergraduate, Mr. Woodland perfected a system for delivering elevator music efficiently. He planned to pursue the project commercially, but his father, who had come of age in “Boardwalk Empire”-era Atlantic City, forbade it: elevator music, he said, was controlled by the mob, and no son of his was going to come within spitting distance.
The younger Mr. Woodland returned to Drexel for a master’s degree. In 1948, a local supermarket executive visited the campus, where he implored a dean to develop an efficient means of encoding product data. The dean demurred, but Mr. Silver, a fellow graduate student who overheard their conversation, was intrigued. He conscripted Mr. Woodland.
An early idea of theirs, which involved printing product information in fluorescent ink and reading it with ultraviolet light, proved unworkable.
But Mr. Woodland, convinced that a solution was close at hand, quit graduate school to devote himself to the problem. He holed up at his grandparents’ home in Miami Beach, where he spent the winter of 1948-49 in a chair in the sand, thinking.
To represent information visually, he realized, he would need a code. The only code he knew was the one he had learned in the Boy Scouts.
What would happen, Mr. Woodland wondered one day, if Morse code, with its elegant simplicity and limitless combinatorial potential, were adapted graphically？ He began trailing his fingers idly through the sand.
“What I’m going to tell you sounds like a fairy tale,” Mr. Woodland told Smithsonian magazine in 1999. “I poked my four fingers into the sand and for whatever reason — I didn’t know — I pulled my hand toward me and drew four lines. I said: ‘Golly! Now I have four lines, and they could be wide lines and narrow lines instead of dots and dashes.’”
Today, bar codes appears on the surface of almost every product of contemporary life.All because a bright young man, his mind ablaze with dots and dashes, one day raked his fingers through the sand.


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Who will stage the games？Preparing for the Olympics Games is a huge undertaking.Just lik
Who will stage the games？
Preparing for the Olympics Games is a huge undertaking.Just like the athletes, the host city spends years getting ready for the event.Before deciding which city will host the Olympic Games, the International Olympic Committee (IOC)has to examine bids from all over the world.Bidding for the games begins about ten years in advance.Without preparing a very strong bid1, a city will not win the competition to host the games.Beijing was chosen for the 2008 games from five bidders — Osaka, Paris,Toronto and Istanbul.2
Why does it take so long to prepare？
Building the infrastructure costs huge amounts of money.Holding the World Cup in 2002 in Japan and South Korea, for example, meant that ten new stadiums had to be built, as well as many hotels and an improved transport system.In Beijing, after winning the bid the government began major construction projects — the extension of the underground, the improvement of the airport and the building of new motorways3.Each host city must also build an Olympic village for the athletes.By planting trees and creating parks, the city becomes more attractive for tourists.
Why do countries want to host the Olympic Games？
Hosting the games has a major effect on the economy and brings international prestige to the country.Thousands and thousands of visitors come to the games and the host cities are permanently improved.
1.Bidding for the Olympic Games usually starts before the games are really held.
A.two years
B.eight years
C.one year
D.ten years
2.Beijing was one of the ()bidders for the 2008games.
A.four
B.five
C.ten
D.three
3.The World Cup 2002 was held in().
A.Japan
B.South Korea
C.China
D.A and B
4.What construction projects did Beijing start after winning the bid？
A.The extension of the underground.
B.The improvement of the airport.
C.The building of new motorways
D.All of the above
5.Why do countries want to host the Olympic Games？
A.Because it has a major effect on the economy.
B.Because it brings international prestige to the country.
C.Because the host cities are permanently improved.
D.All of the above.

The development of Jamestown in Virginia during the second half of the seventeenth century was closely related to the making and using of bricks. There are several practical reasons why bricks be came important to the colony.
Although the forests could initially supply sufficient timber, the process of lumbering was extremely difficult, particularly because of the lack of roads. Later, when the timber on the peninsula had been depleted, wood had to be brought from some distance. Building stone was also in short sup ply. However, as clay was plentiful, it was inevitably that the colonists would turn to brickmaking.
In addition to practical reasons for using brick as the principal construction material, there was also an ideological reason. Brick represented durability and permanence. The Virginia company of London instructed the colonists to build hospitals and new residences out of brick. In 1662, the town Act of the Virginia Assembly provided for the construction of thirty-two brick buildings and prohibited the use of wood as a construction material. Had this law ever been successfully enforced, James town would have been a model city. Instead, the residents failed to comply fully with the law; and by 1699 Jamestown had collapsed into a pile of rubble with only three or four houses where people could stay.
What is the subject of this passage？
A．The reasons for brickmaking in Jamestown.
B．The cause of the failure of Jamestown.
C．The laws of the Virginia colonists.
D．The problems of the early American colonies.

Normally, at the beginning of the school year, the Student Services of universities and colleges publish lists of rooms and apartments available off campus. You should pay attention to these services as well as advertisements in the local or college/university newspapers, and bulletin boards on the campus or in supermarkets. You might also walk through the section of the city or town in which you wish to live to see whether there are "FOR RENT" signs on the doors of houses. You may also ask other students for advice, either Canadian or from overseas. It would be wise to set aside several full days to look for accommodation at the beginning of your program. This will allow you to obtain an idea of the range of housing available. Usually, it is not a good idea to take the first accommodation that you see unless, of course, you are certain that it will be satisfactory.
Accommodation outside the center of a city is normally less expensive than accommodation in the center of the city.
How to find rooms or apartments for rent:
You should pay attention to:
【46】of your university or college;
【47】in some newspaper; or
【48】.
It would be wise to set aside【49】to search for accommodation.
It is not a good idea to take the first accommodation unless it is【50】.


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