The Chinese Army didn't have missiles during the anti－Japanese war and could onlv use （) guns to fight against the Japanese air raid.

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Communication Failure
　　The meaning of “communication” goes a lot deeper than people often think. Communication is about conceiving, sending, receiving, and interpreting messages as well as confirming reception of these messages. A failure at any point in this chain can result in ineffective communication.
　　Ineffective communication can be disastrous. There is a famous story of a British Army Commander who sent the message “Send reinforcements, we're going to advance.” back to his Command Center, through a long chain of subordinates. When the message finally reached the Command Center, it had “mutated” to become -- “Send three and four-pence, we're going to a dance.” The reinforcements never arrived.
　　You can demonstrate this same principle, albeit on a less dramatic scale, by trying to play Chinese Whispers with more than 20 people. It is highly unlikely the same message you started with will be the one you end with.
　　In a business, there are three main types of communication failure. Each has its own indicative signs.
　　•The first type is known as allocative failure. This occurs when a firm is not gathering enough intelligence about its market or (most often), the information is not reaching the right points. The firm will not be allocating resources in step with the shifts in demand. If demand is rising but the firm is suffering from allocative communication failure, then stocks will fall and there will be understaffing. If the inverse happens, there will be a surplus of stocks and overstaffing.
　　•The second type is executive failure, where communication to trigger specific events/actions is either late, lacking or in error. The symptoms of this are a general loss of direction in the company or departments, a loss of co-ordination and an increase in complaints from customers as things happen late or not at all.
　　•The final type is human failure. This occurs when the general culture of a business or the relationships between particular individuals or departments do not foster effective communication. This leads to alienated staff, an increase in staff turnover, an increase in absenteeism and general frustration among staff. Creativity, especially that which takes place across departmental boundaries, is likely to suffer hugely as team synergy slips.
操作提示：通过题目后的下拉选项框选择正确答案。
1.Confirming reception of the sent messages means.
A. the messages are sent to right receivers
B. the messages are correctly understood
C. the messages are correctly understood by right receivers
2. In the famous British Army Commander story, which step probably did NOT go wrong in the communication chain?
A. Conceiving.
B. Sending.
C. Receiving.
3.What is Chinese whispers?
A. Who whispers in Chinese.
B. A game to pass message around in a whisper.
C. Chinese people who don't normally talk very loudly.
4.Allocative failure does NOT happen when.
A. the right information goes to the right place
B. a company gathers false information
C. the correct information is not received by the right department or person
5.According to the passage, which of the following cases does NOT belong to human failure?
A. Decreasing creativity across departments.
B. Inadequate communication between departments.
C. Increasing customer complaints.

The meaning of "communication" goes a lot deeper than people often think.Communication is about conceiving,sending,receiving,and interpreting messages as well as confirming reception of these messages.A failure at any point in this chain can result in ineffective communication.
Ineffective communication can be disastrous.There is a famous story of a British Army Commander who sent the message "Send reinforcements,we're going to advance." back to his Command Center,through a long chain of subordinates.When the message finally reached the Command Center,it had "mutated" to become -- "Send three and four-pence,we're going to a dance." The reinforcements never arrived.
You can demonstrate this same principle,albeit on a less dramatic scale,by trying to play Chinese Whispers with more than 20 people.It is highly unlikely the same message you started with will be the one you end with.
In a business,there are three main types of communication failure.Each has its own indicative signs.
•The first type is known as allocative failure.This occurs when a firm is not gathering enough intelligence about its market or (most often),the information is not reaching the right points.The firm will not be allocating resources in step with the shifts in demand.If demand is rising but the firm is suffering from allocative communication failure,then stocks will fall and there will be understaffing.If the inverse happens,there will be a surplus of stocks and overstaffing.
•The second type is executive failure,where communication to trigger specific events/actions is either late,lacking or in error.The symptoms of this are a general loss of direction in the company or departments,a loss of co-ordination and an increase in complaints from customers as things happen late or not at all.
•The final type is human failure.This occurs when the general culture of a business or the relationships between particular individuals or departments do not foster effective communication.This leads to alienated staff,an increase in staff turnover,an increase in absenteeism and general frustration among staff.Creativity,especially that which takes place across departmental boundaries,is likely to suffer hugely as team synergy slips.
1.Confirming reception of the sent messages means（）.
A.the messages are sent to right receivers
B.the messages are correctly understood
C.the messages are correctly understood by right receivers
2.In the famous British Army Commander story,which step probably did NOT go wrong in the communication chain?（）
A.Conceiving.
B.Sending.
C.Receiving.
3.What is Chinese whispers?（）
A.Who whispers in Chinese.
B.A game to pass message around in a whisper.
C.Chinese people who don't normally talk very loudly.
4.Allocative failure does NOT happen when（）.
A.the right information goes to the right place
B.a company gathers false information
C.the correct information is not received by the right department or person
5.According to the passage,which of the following cases does NOT belong to human failure?（）
A.Decreasing creativity across departments.
B.Inadequate communication between departments.
C.Increasing customer complaints.

The Chinese people first _____ paper in the world.A.inventedB.discoveredC.madeD.did

As to the great American poet Ezra Pound, which of the following is not right（)
A、His language is usually oblique yet marvelously compressed and his poetry is dense with personal, literary, and historical allusions.
B、His artistic talents are on full display in the history of the Imagist Movement
C、From his analysis of the Chinese ideogram Pound learned to anchor his poetic language in concrete, perceptual reality, and to organize images into larger patterns through juxtaposition.
D、For he was politically controversial and notorious for what he did in the wartime, his literary achievement and influence are somewhat reduced.

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Confucius is one of a handful of individuals who have shaped world history. His fame can be compared to great leaders and emperors, but Confucius neither commanded an army nor ruled a state yet his teachings shaped the soul of China. Confucianism，the great system of moral philosophy, or Confucius as he is known in the West, became the basis for personal and government morality in China. For a period of almost 1,500 years, the teachings of Confucius formed the basis of the Chinese state religion. Even today his teachings continue to influence modern China and its culture.

Confucius was born in the year 551 B.C. in the state of Lu, in what is now the modern Chinese province of Shandong. At the age of 19, Confucius married and entered into government service for the state of Lu. He also began acquiring a band of disciples who were drawn to his teachings about personal behavior and morality.

In 497 B.C. when Confucius was 54 years old, he was forced to leave the state. He traveled through out China, surrounded by a band of faithful followers, teaching his moral philosophy. He eventually returned to his native state of Lu, where he attempted to influence the ruler.

Confucius died in 479 B.C.. His son and his most promising pupils had died before him and it seemed that his teachings would not take root. But his students had collected many of his sayings in a book which came to be known as The Analects of Confucius, and in time the seeds that Confucius had planted took root and spread through out China. In time, Confucianism became the official state religion of China.

1.Which of the following statements can best describe the influence of Confucius?

A.He is one of the greatest leaders in the world history.

B.He is one of the few persons who have influenced the world history greatly.

C.His contributions to the world are only second to those of some great leaders.

D.Confucianism is still the basis of the Chinese state religion.

2.The following facts can reflect the popularity of Confucianism EXCEPT “_____”.

A.Many students studied under Confucius in his early life.

B.Many students followed Confucius when he traveled around China.

C.After Confucius passed away, his students circulated his thoughts.

D.Many kings invited Confucius to help with their rule.

3.It can be inferred from the text that _____.

A.Everybody in ancient China believed in Confucianism

B.Confucius may not have been so successful in his political life

C.Confucius is the most powerful person in shaping the world history

D.Confucianism doesn’t have any effect on Chinese culture any longer

4.The best title of the text is “_____”.

A.The Life Story of Confucius

B.The Influence of Confucius Thoughts

C.The Political Life of Confucius

D.The Ups and Downs in the Life of Confucius

Kite flying is the sport of sending up into the air, by means of the wind, a light frame. covered with paper, plastic or cloth. The frame. can be one of many different shapes and is attached to a long string held in the hand or wound on a drum. Kites have a long history of practical application and many different types of kite have been developed to serve various purposes.
The ancient Chinese used bird-kites to carry ropes across rivers and valleys. The current folding kite which will dive excitingly is an improved type of such a kite. With its long flat body and single pair of bird-like wings, it looks just like a large bird in the air. The modern version is usually made of tissue-paper rather than the traditional silk.
Man-lifting kites were developed in ancient times, again by the Chinese, for getting information from walled cities and army camps. In fact, as recently as World War II , German U-boats flew kites from their towers to lift people into the air to watch the land. These kites, which are no longer in existence, were made of light-weight cloth. They were much larger and stronger than the Chinese ones. Their design, however, was simply that of the cutter kite. Smaller in size, this type of kite is still very popular as a toy for children, being easy to make with a diamond-shaped frame, no wings and brown-paper covering.
Box-kites are another type of kite found in toy shops today. The first box-kite, named for its box-like body, was developed in the nineteenth century to test theories of flight and this type of cotton-covered kite greatly assisted the success of early aeroplanes.
These kites are the ancestors of a heavier version of the box-kite, called the double box-kite, which consists of two main sections, placed side by side. Developed for the peacetime purpose of fishing in strong sea wind, it is the only modern kite described which has practical value. A long-lasting plastic material has to be used for this kite, which carries fishing lines.
36. The ancient Chinese bird-kites were usually made of light frames covered with ______.
A.silk
B.paper
C.cloth
D.plastic
37. The kites used by German U-boats in World War Ⅱ for the military purpose were made of ______.
A.brown paper
B.plastic material
C.light-weight cloth
D.traditional silk
38. The ancient Chinese man-lifting kites were used ______.
A.to carry ropes across rivers and valleys
B.for the military purpose
C.as toys for children
D.for fishing in strong sea wind
39. Which of the fllowin statements is not true？
A The frame. ofa kie is tacted to log sring held i the hand or wound on drum
B The frst box-kite was developed in the nineteth century
C. The cuter kite has a diamond shaped body but no wings
D The crrent folding kite is developed to test thories of fight.
40. The best title for this passage may be ______.
A.The Ancestors of Modern Kites.
B.The History of the Chinese Kites.
C.Different Types and Uses of Kites.
D.The Difference between Ancient and Modern Kites.

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LIU HUI：Hi, Mei.（1)Are you settling in well here in this cityBAI MEI：Well, thank you ver
LIU HUI：Hi, Mei.(1)Are you settling in well here in this city
BAI MEI：Well, thank you very much for asking. Everything is going OK.
LIU HUI:(2)Did they all join you living here BAI MEI：
Oh no. My parents have their own lives because my father has a grocery store. So he must take care of his business and my mother stays with him.
LIU HUI：Oh, I got it.(3)Are they in their school years
BAI MEI：Yes, they all attend the international schools here, but I still teach them Chinese at home.
LIU HUI:(4)What kind of food do you usually have with your family
BAI MEI：Everyone in the family loves Chinese food. But we have western food on some special occasions, you know, I have an American hubby.
LIU HUI：Right.(5)
BAI MEI：Pleasure.
A. Thank you for sharing this with me.
B. That's very interesting.
C. How is everything
D. How about your children
E. How is your family _Bai Mei： tells Liu Hui about her family_. …

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I was only eight years old when the Second World War ended, but I can still remember something about the victory celebrations in the small town where I lived. We had not suffered much from the war there, though like most children of my age, I was used to see-ing bombed houses in the streets and the enormous army lorries passing through. But both at home and at school I had become accustomed to the phrases "before the war" and "when the war's over." "Before the war," apparently, things had been better, though I was too young to understand why, except there had been no bombs then, and people had eaten things like ice cream and bananas, which I had only heard of. When the war was over, we would go back to London, but this meant very little to me. I did not remember what Lon-don was like.
What I remember now about VE Day was the afternoon and the evening. It was a fine May day. I remember coming home at about five o'clock. My father and mother came in about an hour later. After dinner I said I wanted to see the bonfire (篝火), so when it got dark my father took me to the end of the street. The bonfire was very high, and some peo-ple had collected some old clothes to dress the unmistakable figure with the moustache (小胡子) they had put on top of it. Just as we arrived, they set light to it. The flames rose and soon covered the "guy." Everyone was cheering and shouting, and an old woman came out of her house with two chairs and threw them on the fire to keep the fire going.
I stood beside my father until the fire started to go down, not knowing what to say. He said nothing either. He had fought in the First World War and may have been remem-bering the end of that. At last he said, "Well, that's it, son. Let's hope that this time it really will be the last one. "
Where did the narrator live before the Second World War？
A．In a small city.
B．In London.
C．In Europe.
D．In the countryside.

The Chinese doctoral student who breached security at the Newark Liberty International Airport in the United States will appear in the Newark municipal court on the morning of Jan. 28, a court official told China Daily on Tuesday.
Jiang Haisong, 28, was arrested last Friday evening by US port authorities and released after hours of questioning. Jiang ducked a security barrier in the airport's terminal C on Jan. 3 to bid farewell to his girlfriend after a Transportation Security Administration (TSA) guard stepped away from his post momentarily.
The three terminals at the airport were subsequently shut down for six hours after a bystander who witnessed the incidence notified TSA officials. The shutdown reportedly caused numerous flights delays in and out of Newark, stranding thousands of passengers.
Jiang, a molecular biosciences student who is set to graduate in May, had contacted the Chinese consulate in New York on Monday by phone, said Wang Bangfu, the consul for overseas Chinese affairs at the consulate. Wang told China Daily on Tuesday that the consulate is providing consular protection and assistance to Jiang after identifying him as a Chinese national. These include providing a list of lawyers, which Jiang is selecting for his case. Wang would not reveal more details because Jiang had requested for the content of their conversation to be kept private. But Wang said the consulate has been keeping a close eye on the development. Wang did not comment further on the case until final investigation results were out, implying that the consulate will work to ensure Jiang gets a fair trial and his legal rights are fully protected.
Under the charge of defiant trespassing brought by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, Jiang faces a 30-day imprisonment and a fine of $ 500. But New Jersey Senator Frank Lautenberg had earlier pushed for harsh punishment, threatening to lobby for severe federal criminal charges instead of a misdemeanor. Lautenberg also earlier mentioned visa revocation and deportation, but has since toned down his comments on the case in the last few days.
The incidence has triggered strong reaction among people both in the US and China. A number of these have accused Jiang of a "stupid" blunder. Others have hailed him as a kind of hero for exposing a glaring airport security loophole. While more people on the Chinese mainland expressed their disappointment at Jiang for bringing disgrace to the Chinese community, his American neighbors and fellow colleagues at Rutgers University showed more understanding and described him in much nicer words.
Give a brief summary of what has happened in the Newark Liberty International Airport.


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The young Mr. Wang has in the army for twenty years.