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A major new development in systems of work in Britain is taking place. Flexible working hours, or "Flextime", are catching on fast, and this trend is continuing. In 1973, over 500 organizations had adopted the idea, and by 1974, this number had risen to over 200,000. Flexible working hours were invented in Germany in the late 1960's, but reached Britain only in 1972. The system allows workers to start and finish work whenever they want, with only two requirements. These are, firstly, that all workers must be present for certain "key" times in day, and secondly, that all workers must work an agreed total number of hours per week.

The system has proved an almost total success whenever it has been tried. A survey of 700 workers on flexible hours showed three main advantages: a beer balance between working and private life, avoidance of the need to travel during rush hours and ability to be able to finish a certain task before leaving.

From the employer's point of view, the system tends to increase productivity, reduce labour turnover and give the workers a greater sense of duty.

Flexible working hours were firstly used by the ______.

A.British

B.Americans

C.Germans

D.Japanese

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更多“A major new development …”相关的问题
第1题
The article opens and closes with description of two new reports, each () one major point in contrast with the other.

A、makes

B、made

C、making

D、is to make

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第2题
How time flies, unconsciously the next winter vacation will soon come. In order to improve myself as well as enjoy a happy holiday, I made the winter vacation plan. Firstly I want to continue with my study, I think study is a life process, so no matter what the situation I am in, I will look for chances to continue it. I have bought several new books ,including those books on my major(专业)and some novels, I will try to finish reading them in the holiday and write notes. joozone.com Secondly, since it is the holiday, I will share it with my family and friends .You know the spring festival will soon come, I believe I would chatting and play games with my friends and family .I think I will enjoy the vacation.

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第3题
Metropolitan Museum of Art is located in New York City. It is one of the largest and most【1】art museums in the world.
In 1866 a group of Americans in Paris, France, gathered at a restaurant to【2】the American Independence Day. After dinner, John Jay, a【3】lawyer gave a speech proposing to create a "national institution and gallery of art. " During the next four years, he【4】American civic leaders, art collectors, and others to support the project, and in 1870 the Metropolitan Museum of Art was founded, but it was【5】in two different locations in New York City. In 1880 the museum moved to its present location in Central Park on Fifth Avenue. Many additions have【6】been built around this building. The north and south【7】were completed in 1911 and 1913,【8】Six additional wings have been built since 1975 to house the museum's【9】collections, to expand gallery space and educational【10】.
The museum has collected more than three million objects in every known artistic【11】, representing cultures from every part of the world, from ancient times to the present.
Popularly known as the Met, the museum is a private【12】. The museum is one of the most popular tourist【13】in the city and about five million people visit it each year. It is also a major educational institution, offering various programs for children and adults.【14】, scholars of archeology and art history【15】advanced research projects at the museum.
(1)
A.comprehensive
B.elaborate
C.appropriate
D.elegant

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第4题
Scores of university halls of residences and lecture theatres in the UK were judged "at serious risk of major failure or breakdown" and "unfit for purpose", a secret database obtained after a legal battle by the Guardian reveals.
Some of the most popular, high-ranking institutions, such as the London School of Economics, had 41% of their lecture theatres and classrooms deemed unsuitable for current use, while Imperial College London had 12% of its non-residential buildings branded "inoperable". At City University, 41% of the student apartments were judged unfit for purpose.
Universities argue they have spent hundreds of millions in freshening them up since the judgments were made two years ago and use some of the buildings for storage purposes only.
The government agency that holds the information, the Higher Education Funding Council for England (Hefce), was forced to reveal it after an information tribunal(资讯法庭) ruled in the Guardian's favour, agreeing that it was in the public's interest for the data to be made public.
Hefce is thought to have spent up to £50,000 trying to conceal the data from the Guardian, which requested it two and a half years ago. The newspaper's lawyer, Aidan Eardley, said the case would make it harder for government agencies to withhold information in future.
The database, which aims to help universities compare the condition of their estate with their competitors, shows more than 90% of higher education institutions had at least 10% of their buildings judged below the "sound and operationally safe" category. One in 10 institutions had at least 10% of their estate judged inoperable and at serious risk of major breakdown.
Universities employ surveyors to judge the condition of their estate according to four categories: as new; sound and operationally safe; operational but in need of major repair and inoperable; posing a serious risk of major failure and breakdown. The surveyors also record whether buildings are suitable for student living, teaching and learning under four more categories, from "excellent" to "unsuitable for current use".
Property consultants who advise universities said that, at its most extreme, buildings deemed inoperable could break fire regulations, have leaks and rot.
In the "legal battle", it was ruled by court that ______.
A.many universities had buildings at serious risk
B.the risk of university buildings should be revealed
C.the Guardian mustn't interfere in university administration
D.universities should improve the quality of their buildings
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第5题
Passage 6The U.S. dollar was supposed to be at the end of its rope. Kicking the bucket. A
Passage 6
The U.S. dollar was supposed to be at the end of its rope. Kicking the bucket. A dying symbol of a dying empire. Well, maybe not. The dollar continues to _1_ gloom-and-doom predictions. After a swoon (低迷)last year, the dollar is again enjoying a major _2_. The U.S. dollar index, which measures the dollar’s value against other major currencies, is just off an eight-month high. The main reason behind the dollar’s recovery is actually no real surprise at all. There is no _3_ able to replace the dollar as the world’s No.l currency. What makes currencies so fascinating is that their perceived value is always relative to other currencies. Sure, the U.S. budget deficit is _4_, the government’s debt is increasing, and Wall Street is still repairing itself. But the dollar remains the prettiest of a flock of ugly ducklings. Is any other major industrialized economy _5_ better off than the U.S.? Not really. Just about the _6_ developed world is suffering with the same problems. That’s why when investors get nervous, they still rush to the good old dollar. The dollar wins because no one else is really in the game. The euro has been exposed as a _7_. Only a few months ago, economists truly believed the euro could _8_ the dollar as the top reserve currency. Now experts are questioning if the euro has a future at all. The Greek debt crisis has _9_ that the euro is only as strong as its weakest link. Maybe over the next 20 or 30 years,the dollar will slowly lose the _10_ status it holds today. That process, however, could well be driven by the appearance of new rivals.
A)fraud
B)consistently
C)dominant
D)expanding
E)entire
F)incentive
G)rival
H)alleged
I)defy
J)particularly
K)alternative
L)relative
M)revealed
N)intriguing
O)rally
第1空答案是:


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第6题
SECRET SHOPPERSTim Wright knows all about making companies more efficient. His firm, Check
SECRET SHOPPERS
Tim Wright knows all about making companies more efficient. His firm, Check-up, sends 'secret shoppers' into retail and leisure companies (29) order to make sure that customers are receiving good service. After (30) visit, the secret shoppers prepare a report for the company to let them know (31) good or bad the service was.
Companies like to know,' says Mr Wright,' that (32) customers go into a store just a few minutes before closing time, they will (33) get good service.' Check-up (34) set up in the west of England in 1992 and (35) two years moved to London so it could offer a nationwide service. (36) the last three years, Check-up's profits have (37) dramatically as companies have come to realise (38) great importance of good customer service. Having started with just three employees, Check-up now has a staff (39) sixty-five and last week (40) an important new contract with a major supermarket chain.
(29)
A.in
B.by
C.on

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第7题
Lead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960's and 70's, were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in the United States, the lead accumulation worldwide has decreased significantly.
A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic (北极的) snow were declining.
In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasolines and thus enabled scientists to differentiate the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found ingasoline from the United States.
In a study published in the journal Ambio, scientists found that levels in soil in the Northeastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline.
Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period.
The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990. The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expected.
Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute.
The study published in the journal Nature indicates that
A.the Clean Air Act has not produced the desired results.
B.lead deposits in arctic snow on the increase.
C.lead will stay in soil and snow longer than expected.
D.the U.S. is the major source of lead pollution in arctic snow.

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第8题
Advertising follows us everywhere. Whenever we turn on the television, listen to the radio or open a newspaper or a magazine, we are bombarded with advertisements. They invite us to try a new type of orange juice, wear X-brand jeans or watch the latest film. They beg us to notice the difference and discover the advantages. They exist to make us want what they are selling.
Strangely, the more we are exposed to advertising, the less we notice it. We get so used to seeing advertisements everywhere that they become largely invisible, as if they were another part of our everyday lives. But does that mean that we are no longer affected by them?
One advertising expert believes that the special power of advertising lies in the fact that we do not pay much attention to it. Dr. Krugman, who was head of research for a major advertising company for many years, says that the less we notice ads, the more we are affected by them. Dr. Krugman believes that when we stop noticing advertisements, we lower our defenses, allowing the messages of the advertisements to be taken in and stored, ready to be triggered into action at the right moment. He says that the effects of advertising on the individual are small, but over a period of time they have a powerful effect on the masses.
A market analyst says that all advertising, no matter how innocent, is misleading in some way.
When asked about the power of advertising in research surveys, most people agree that it works, but not on them. Almost everyone believes that they have complete control over how thousands of ads they see every day affect them.
Ads exist to make people want______.
A.a new type of orange juice
B.X-brand jeans
C.to watch the latest film
D.what they advertise

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第9题
In recent years American society has become increasingly dependent on its universities to find solutions to its major problems. It is the universities that have been charged with the principal responsibility for developing the expertise to place men on the moon; for dealing with our urban problems and with our deteriorating environment; for developing the means to feed the world's rapidly increasing population. The effort involved in meeting these demands presents its own problems. In addition, this concentration on the creation of new knowledge significantly impinges on the universities' efforts to perform. their other principal functions, the transmission and interpretation of knowledge the imparting of the heritage of the past and the preparing of the next generation to carry it forward.
With regard to this, perhaps their most traditionally sanctioned task, colleges and universities today find themselves in a serious hind generally. On the one hand, there is the American commitment, entered into especially since WWII, to provide higher education for all young people who can profit from it. The result of the commitment has been a dramatic rise in enrollments in our universities, coupled with a radical shift from the private to the public sector of higher education. On the other hand, there are serious and continuing limitations on the resources available for higher education.
While higher education has become a great "growth industry", it is also simultaneously a tremendous drain on the resources of nation. With the vast increase in enrollment and the shift in priorities away from education in state and federal budgets, there is in most of our public institutions a significant decrease in per capita outlay for their students, one crucial aspect of this drain on resources lies in the persistent shortage of trained faculty, which has led, in rum, to a declining standard of competence in instruction.
Intensifying these difficulties is, as indicated above, the concern with research, with its competing claims on resources and the attention of the faculty. In addition, there is a strong tendency for the institutions; organization and functioning to conform. to the demands of research rather than those of teaching.
According to the passage,—is the most important function of institutions of higher education.
A.creating new knowledge
B.providing solutions to social problems
C.making experts on sophisticated industries out of their students
D.preparing their students to transmit inherited knowledge

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第10题
Hawaii's native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. But much of the archipelago's political establishment, which includes the White Americans who dominated until the second world war and people of Japanese, Chinese and Filipino origin, is opposed to the idea.
The islands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaii's native peoples have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent of the state's homeless, suffer higher levels of unemployment and their life span is five years less than the average Hawaiians. They are the only major US native group without some degree of autonomy.
But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaii's first native governor, John Waihee, has given the natives' cause a major boost be recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themselves whether to re-establish a sovereign Hawaiian nation.
However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy with the state—as enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent to natives' interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious in the Ka Lahui group, which declared itself a new nation in 1987 and wants full, official independence from the US.
But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from clear how many people this will apply to. The state authorities only count as native those people with more than 50 percent Hawaiian blood.
Native demands are not just based on political grievances, though. They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1933, the state government paid the OHA USS 136 million in back rent on the crown land and many officials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its claims to legally own the land. The OHA has vigorously disputed this.
Hawaii's native minority refers to ______.
A.people of Filipino origin
B.the Ka Lahui group
C.people with 50% Hawaiian blood
D.Hawaii's ethnic groups
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第11题
阅读材料,回答题。Much unfriendly feeling towards computers has been based on the fear of wi
阅读材料,回答题。
Much unfriendly feeling towards computers has been based on the fear of widespread unemployment resulting from their introduction. Computers are often used as part of automated(自动化的) production systems requiring a least possible number of operators, causing the loss of many jobs. This has happened, for example, in many steelworks.
On the other hand, computers do create jobs. They are more skilled and better paid, though fewer in number than those they replace. Many activities could not continue in their present form. without computers, no matter how many people are employed. Examples are the check clearing (交换) system of major banks and the weather forecasting system.
When a form. introduces computers, a few people are usually employed in key posts (such as jobs of operations managers) while other staff are w-trained as operators, programmers, and data preparation staff. After the new system has settled down, people in non-computer jobs are not always replaced when they leave, resulting in a decrease in the number of employees. This decrease is sometimes balanced by a substantial increase in the activity of the frim, resulting from the introduction of computers.
The attitudes of workers towards computers vary. There is fear of widespread unemployment and of the takeover of many jobs by computer-trained workers, making promotion for older workers not skilled in computers more difficult.
On the other hand, many workers regard the trend toward wider use of computers inevitable.They realize that computers bring about greater efficiency and productivity, which will improve the condition of the whole economy, and lead to the creation of more jobs. This view was supported by the former British Prime Minister, James Callaghan in 1954, when he made the point that new technologies hold the key to increased productivity, which will benefit the economy in the long ran.
The unfriendly feeling towards computers is developed from 查看材料
A.the possible widespread unemployment caused by their introduction
B.their use as part of automated production systems
C.the least possible number of operators
D.the production system in steelworks

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